Mystery in the Middle Ages. Braveheart

Índex

Índex

 
 
Pujar
1. Historical situation in England and Scotland at the beginning.
Who ruled England? Who ruled Scotland?


Stick some pictures if possible.You can find information on the Internet:
2. Edward I

  1. Why was he called Longshanks ?
  2. He had been married to a woman he loved so much. What was her name?
  3. When she died, he was heart-broken. What did he do to remember her?
  4. Outline the most important facts about Edward I.
  5. His son was supposed to rule England after his death.

    • He is said to have been killed. How and Why?
    • Who ruled England instead?
3. William Wallace

  1. He was described like this by a chronicler of his time called Carrick.

    His visage was long, well-proportioned, and exquisitely beautiful; his eyes were bright and piercing, the hair of his head and beard auburn, and inclined to curl; that on his brows and eyelashes was of a lighter shade. His lips were round and full. His stature was lofty and majestic, rising head and shoulders above the tallest men in the country. Yet his form, though gigantic, possessed the most perfect symmetry, and with a degree of strength almost incredible, there was combined such an agility of body and fleetness in running that no-one, except when mounted on horseback, could outstrip or escape from him when he happened to pursue.

    Describe the William Wallace you have seen in the film.

  2. Poor people at that time couldn't read or write, not even in their own language: Scottish, Welsh or English. However, William Wallace could.

    • Why? What happened to him when he was a child which changed his life?
    • He learnt to write and read English. But he also learnt some other languages. Which ones?
    • Why these languages and not others?

  3. He married Murrin, a peasant girl.

    Murrin was based on the real wife of William Wallace, Marian Braidfoot, who was killed by English soldiers during a skirmish in the town of Lanark. Some accounts fix the murder on an Englishman named Heselrig, a Sheriff.

    • When did he first meet her?
    • Why did they marry secretly?
    • How did she die?
    • He loved her deeply. You have seen this many times in the film. Give one or two examples.
    • Why do you think he saw her when he was about to die?
    • He had a friend from childhood. Who was he? What was he like?
    • As time went by, William's legend grew stronger among Scots. How?
    • Then, he met another friend from Ireland. Describe his character.
    • What did he say his aim in life was?
    • This Irish man saved William's life many times. Give some examples.
    4. Relationship with the Scottish Noblemen

    1. Stirling Battle

      • The two noblemen at the battle wanted to negotiate.
        Was it usual? What did they use to get?
      • But William Wallace didn't want to negotiate. What were the English terms and William's terms for Scotland?
      • How did he manage to convince the men at the battlefield to stay and fight? What did he tell them?
      • Which was his strategy to win?

    2. Becoming a knight

      • Describe the ceremony in which he was made a knight.
      • After the ceremony there was disagreement between the noblemen. Deceived, he left, saying: You think that we, the Scots, exist to provide you with your position. I think your position exists to provide the Scots with their right to freedom!

        What do you think that means?

    3. Robert, the Bruce

      • Who was he?
      • Explain the relationship he had with William Wallace. What did he feel for him? Why did he act like he did, then?

    4. The noblemen's betrayal at Falkirk Battle

      • William Wallace had managed to have the noblemen on his side, fighting against the English army. When he said to Robert Bruce Unite us, unite the clans, which was the King's strategy to win the battle? Which was William's strategy?
      • What happened to the two Scottish noblemen who had turned up at the battlefield? Did they fight bravely?
      • And Robert the Bruce. Did he turn up at the battlefield as he had promised William?
      • Robert and William met at the battlefield. Explain the circumstances.
      • What happened to the noble traitors?

      5. William and Isabella of France

      You should know about these real facts:

      Princess Isabella was the daughter of the King of France who married Longshanks' son, Prince Edward in 1308 - three years after Wallace's execution. She was a mere child at the time of the Battles of Stirling and Falkirk. However, she actually did lead a bold and adventurous life, and scandalised society in Europe by living openly with her lovers while heading the English army against her brother, the new King of France.

      1. Explain their first meeting.
        • Why did she go to see him? Who sent her?
        • What did she find out about him there?
        • Did he accept the bribe? What did this consist of?
        • What was the king's real purpose ?
      2. The princess of Wales warned William about the king's purposes twice. When?
      3. What happened during their second meeting?
      4. What did she tell the king when he was about to die?

      6. William's death

      1. How did the king manage to catch him?
      2. Did Bruce know about it? How did he feel?
      3. Who had led the betrayal? Why?
      4. When he was already in a dungeon, the Princess visited him. She gave him some liquid which would lessen the pain. He didn't want to take it. Why?
      5. Which other act of love did she do before he died?
      6. How did he die? Read the Medieval Chronicles below.

        The sentence of death was read and Wallace was quickly led outside and tied to a team of horses, where he was pulled to a field outside of the city walls, jeered along the way, onto the grounds of the St. Bartholomew Hospital. A massive crowd cheered on as the executioners first hanged him until he was semi-conscious. Then he was tied down and, while still alive, his genitals were cut off and his stomach opened. His intestines were pulled out and burned, all while he still lived. Finally and mercifully, he was beheaded. "A cruel yet fully deserved death," wrote an observer.

        Edward was not yet finished with Wallace. As an added deterrent, he ordered Wallace's body cut in four and the pieces brought to cities at the four corners of England, where they were displayed. Wallace's head was impaled on the spikes at London Bridge.

        Use your own words to write an account of how he died.

      7. Find out where his head and members were sent.
      8. When he was being tortured, the executioner told him he would stop and give him a quick death if he asked for MERCY.
        Did he ask for it?
        Once, the executioner thought he wanted to say it. What did William cry out?
      9. Explain the change in the public's behaviour towards William Wallace.
      10. Read the following text:

        Edward may have believed that, with Wallace's capture and execution, he had at last broken the spirit of the Scots. He was wrong. By executing Wallace so barbarically, Edward had martyred a popular Scots military leader and fired the Scottish people's determination to be free.

        What do you think? Do you think this was what Edward I wanted?

      11. Read this text about real facts at that time:

        It is unlikely that they ever met in real life. Although both were Scottish patriots who fought the English during the 18-year War of Independence (1296 - 1314), they supported different political factions. Wallace wanted to reinstate John Baliol as King of Scotland, and Bruce wanted his father to be King.

        Anyway, What happened after his death ? What did his friends do? And Robert?

      6. Opinion

      1. What do you think about the film?
      2. Did you know Mel Gibson was both the leading actor and director of this film? Find out when and how many oscars this film won.
      3. As far as you're concerned, which was the most moving scene in the film?
      4. Did you like the story? Why?