The 'Art Nouveau' -called 'Modernisme' in Catalonia and 'Arts and Crafts' in Scotland-, was a cultural movement developed in Europe from the end of XIX century to the first quarter of XX century.

The 'Arts and Crafts' movement was a response to the industrial revolution, but it was neither anti-industrial nor anti-modern movement.

The proponents of the Arts and Crafts movement were against the principle of a division of labour. They were in favour of the idea of the master craftsman, creating all the parts of an item or furniture, for instance.

'Arts and Crafts' was a reformist movement that influenced architecture, decorative arts, cabinet making, crafts, …

The best known practitioner in Scotland was Charles Rennie Mackintosh.