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1.- Introduction
and addition 
Used when you want to introduce an idea or add something to a previous
argument.
Besides, in addition to F
a més
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I don't think I'll come on Friday. I have a lot to do. Besides
I don't really like parties
In addition to all those
reasons, I would like to say that I don't really trust in people
who only think of money.
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At least
F al menys, com a mínim
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At least ten people died in
road accidents last weekend
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Above all |
sobre tot |
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After all |
després de tot |
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Anyway, in any case |
de tota manera, en qualsevol cas |
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Apart from that |
a part d'això |
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At first sight |
a primera vista, a primer cop d'ull |
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Basically |
bàsicament |
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Especially |
especialment |
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Essentially, in particular
|
essencialment, en particular |
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Finally, lastly |
finalment, en darrer lloc |
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Generally, in general,on the
whole |
en general |
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In conclusion |
en conclusió |
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In the first place, firstly,
first of all |
en primer lloc, primer de tot |
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In this case |
en aquest cas |
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Last but not least |
per últim, peró no per aixó
menys important |
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More or less, aproximately |
més o menys, aproximadament |
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Obviously |
evidentment |
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Secondly, in the second place |
en segon lloc |
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To begin with, to start with
|
per començar |
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To sum up |
per resumir |
2.- Concession
Used when you want to admit (concede) something that goes against
another point.
Of course, certainly
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While I do not believe
in God myself, I will, of
course, admit the importance of religions
Certainly, the early learning
years are crucial to a child's educational development.
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3.- Cause
When we want to to tell the reason why something happens
Because, as, since, for
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I am happy because
the sun is shining
As it was a public
holiday, all the shops were shut
Since you asked,
I am going to tell the truth
I believed her, for
she would not lie to me.
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4.- Comparison
Used to point out a similarity with another idea.
Similarly, in a similar way
| Paris has some great museums of art. Similarly
London has some wonderful museums |
As
| Speaking a language fluently is not as
easy as people think it is |
As well as
| As well as being over seven
feet tall, Manute Bol is an enthusiastic basketball player |
Like
| Getting money from him is like
getting blood from a stone |
Than
|
I prefer to say too little than
to say too much
I think it is more interesting to read a novel than
to watch a film
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5.- Condition
If
| I didn't mind if you wouldn't
want to discuss this topic with me |
Even if
F fins i tot si, encara que
| Even if you are born
rich, life is still difficult |
As long as, provided (that) F
if
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Children are allowed to use the pool as
long as they are with an adult
They’ll buy everything you produce, provided
the price is right.
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Unless F
if not
You can't come with me unless
you promise to be quiet
He hasn’t got any hobbies —unless
you call watching TV a hobby. |
Wether F
if
generally used when you can choose among two options
| I don't know wether you
have met him or not |
In case F
per si de cas , en cas de que
| Take an umbrella in case
it rains |
6.-
Contrast
Used to point out a difference from the preceding
thought
Although/though F
encara que, tot i que, malgrat
Although the sun was
shining it wasn't very warm.
We lost the game, though
everyone played well |
In spite of/despite + noun, pronoun,
gerund F malgrat
 despite without "of"
She didn't get the job in spite of
her qualifications
I can't agree with you despite
all your efforts. |
While
F mentre
| While Peter is good at Science,
his brother is absolutely hopeless |
On the one hand.... on the other hand
F Per una banda....
per una altra
| On the one hand they'd love
to have kids, but on the other
they don't want to lose their freedom |
In contrast to
F en contrast, a diferencia de
| In contrast to all these
arguments, most of scientists don't agree with State regulations.
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However
| We thought the problems were correct.
However, we have now discovered
somer errors
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7.- Example
or illustration
Used when the information that follows is a detail or example that supports
the previous idea.
For instance/for example
| What would you do, for instance
, if you were the Prime Minister of your country?
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In fact de fet, actually, really, As a matter
of fact, The fact is F
de fet, realment
The truth is that F
la veritat és que...
| The truth is that you
can find very few people who are against the family as institution
|
TheoreticallyF
en teoria
| Theoretically light would infinitely bounce
in a room made of perfect mirrors.
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In practice F
a la pràctica
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Prisoners have legal rights
but in practice these rights are not always respected
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Obviously, of course F
evidentment, per descomptat
|
Obviously cloning could be
of great benefit to seriously ill people
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Not only.., but also... F
no solament.... sinó també
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The countryside varies greatly, not only
from place to place but
from season to season.
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As far, in relation to. As far as...........
is concernedF
en relació a , pel que fa a
| As far as
I am concerned , I would like
to say...
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I mean F
vull dir, em refereixo que
| I mean technology
is definitely a good part of our lives |
In other words, that is (to say) F
és a dir
| In other words jogging
is becoming a extremely popular way to exercise for all kind of people |
8.- Purpose
To + infinitive
when the subject of the two verbs is the same
F per
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She arrived early to
get a good seat
They went into the forest to
pick mushrooms
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So that , in order that + will/would
or can/could or may/might + verb
F per que, per
tal que
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She took my shoes so that
I couldn't leave the house
These men risk their lives in order
that we may live safely
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9.- Result
Used to point out a cause and effect relationship
with the previous thought.
So, therefore
F per tant
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I wasn't feeling well so
I went to see the doctor
There is still much to discuss. Therefore
we will come back to this topic next week
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As result
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Some of my relatives died as a result
of the war
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So + noun/adjective/adverb + that + clause
|
Humans will have so
many artificial parts that
we won't be able to distinguish them from cyborgs
The song was so beautiful
that we had to buy the record
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Thus F
així, per aquesta raó
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Americans always want to fight for oil, and thus they sent
soldiers to the Persian Gulf to fight Iraq
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Consequently |
conseqüentment, en conseqüència |
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Anyway, in any case |
de tota manera, en qualsevol cas |
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For this reason |
per aquesta raó |
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That's why |
és per això que |
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Thus |
així |
10.- Summary
Used to conclude or condense a thought.
In conclusion/to conclude
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In conclusion, I would like
to say that I am in favour of death penalty in some cases, such
as...
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All in all |
en resum, en conclusió |
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Finally |
finalment, en darrer lloc |
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In brief, in short, in simpler
terms,simply put |
en poques paraules/en resum, en paraules més
senzilles |
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In conclusion |
en conclusió |
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in particular |
en particular |
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in summary, to summarize |
en resum. per resumir |
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on the whole |
en conjunt |
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In
other words, to put it differently |
en unes altres paraules, per dir-ho diferent |
11.- Time
sequence
Used to describe when an action happens in relation
to another.
As
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The thief was seen as she was
climbing over the wall.
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By the time
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By the time I get home,
she will be sleeping
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Meanwhile
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He talked only of love. Meanwhile,
she was only thinking of sex.
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When
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I was working on the computer, when
she came in.
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While
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You may watch a film while
I go shopping
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